{"id":15568,"date":"2022-01-03T14:48:37","date_gmt":"2022-01-03T11:48:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zdmaa.com\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%88%d9%85%d8%9f\/"},"modified":"2022-01-04T01:03:48","modified_gmt":"2022-01-03T22:03:48","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%88%d9%85%d8%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zdmaa.com\/fr\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%88%d9%85%d8%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu’est-ce que la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et la g\u00e9nomique?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qu’est-ce que la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et la g\u00e9nomique?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Les soins contre le cancer ont parcouru un long chemin au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie, en grande partie gr\u00e2ce aux d\u00e9couvertes li\u00e9es \u00e0 l’ADN. <\/span>Mais il y a encore une confusion parmi le grand public sur ce que tout cela signifie. <\/span>Cette d\u00e9sinformation peut brouiller la compr\u00e9hension des patients quant \u00e0 la fa\u00e7on de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des traitements disponibles et peut les d\u00e9courager de poursuivre certaines options. <\/span>Les mots \u00ab\u00a0h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0g\u00e9nomique\u00a0\u00bb, par exemple, sont souvent utilis\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re interchangeable, bien que leurs significations soient assez diff\u00e9rentes, en particulier lorsqu’il s’agit de traitement contre le cancer.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

La g\u00e9n\u00e9tique fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux traits h\u00e9rit\u00e9s qui sont transmis d’une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration \u00e0 l’autre par l’ensemble des g\u00e8nes. <\/span>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques, les scientifiques \u00e9tudient la composition mol\u00e9culaire d’un patient particulier, identifiant les anomalies ou les pr\u00e9dispositions avec lesquelles ils peuvent \u00eatre n\u00e9s et comment elles pourraient affecter le risque de maladie et d’autres effets sur la sant\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Par exemple, le g\u00e8ne BRCA1 a \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9 \u00e0 un risque accru de cancer du sein. <\/span>Les tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en avant en 2013, lorsque l’actrice Angelina Jolie a annonc\u00e9 qu’elle avait subi une double mastectomie pr\u00e9ventive apr\u00e8s avoir d\u00e9couvert qu’elle \u00e9tait porteuse d’une mutation du g\u00e8ne BRCA1. <\/span>Une personne qui h\u00e9rite d’une copie alt\u00e9r\u00e9e des g\u00e8nes BRCA1 et\/ou BRCA2 a un risque accru de d\u00e9velopper un cancer du sein et de l’ovaire.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les tests g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques ne sont pas pour tout le monde. <\/span>Il est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement recommand\u00e9 aux personnes ayant des ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents familiaux de cancer ou d’autres maladies, y compris des ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents de\u00a0:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Diagnostiqu\u00e9 avec un cancer du sein, du c\u00f4lon ou de l’ut\u00e9rus avant l’\u00e2ge de 50 ans<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • Mutation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • Le cancer de l’ovaire est diagnostiqu\u00e9 \u00e0 tout \u00e2ge<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • Le m\u00eame type de cancer est diagnostiqu\u00e9 chez deux ou plusieurs parents proches<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • Le m\u00eame type de cancer dans plusieurs g\u00e9n\u00e9rations de la famille.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    g\u00e9nomique<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

    Alors que la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique implique l’\u00e9tude de la composition mol\u00e9culaire d’un patient, la g\u00e9nomique li\u00e9e au cancer consiste \u00e0 d\u00e9coder la structure de l’ADN des cellules canc\u00e9reuses. <\/span>Les tests g\u00e9nomiques, par exemple, peuvent r\u00e9v\u00e9ler les caract\u00e9ristiques qui conduisent une tumeur et vous dire \u00e0 quelle vitesse elle se d\u00e9veloppe et o\u00f9 elle s’est propag\u00e9e. <\/span>Les tests peuvent \u00e9galement d\u00e9tecter des anomalies dans le cancer qui peuvent \u00eatre affect\u00e9es par certains m\u00e9dicaments.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    Parce que les deux domaines d’\u00e9tude impliquent l’examen des effets des anomalies g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques, les gens, et m\u00eame certains cliniciens, confondent souvent les deux termes. <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0L’important ici est de comprendre que nous parlons de deux types d’ADN tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents\u00a0\u00bb, explique le Dr Murray Markman, chef de la m\u00e9decine et de la science aux Cancer Treatment Centers of America. <\/span><\/span>\u00ae<\/span><\/span><\/sup> (CTCA). <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0Personnellement, j’utiliserais le terme \u00ab\u00a0h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire\u00a0\u00bb pour d\u00e9signer les g\u00e8nes pr\u00e9sents chez un individu d\u00e8s la naissance, et j’utiliserais le mot \u00ab\u00a0g\u00e9nome\u00a0\u00bb pour d\u00e9crire les g\u00e8nes qui pourraient \u00eatre uniques dans une tumeur. Ce n’est certainement pas une convention qui tout le monde utilise, et cela ajoute \u00e0 la confusion.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    Comme les cliniciens utilisent la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pour en savoir plus sur les maladies monog\u00e9niques et la g\u00e9nomique afin de mieux comprendre les mutations g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques sp\u00e9cifiques et les maladies complexes telles que le cancer, cela pourrait conduire \u00e0 des diagnostics pr\u00e9coces, de nouvelles interventions et des th\u00e9rapies cibl\u00e9es. <\/span>Consid\u00e9rez cela comme une lutte contre le cancer avec un missile plut\u00f4t qu’une bombe.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    Cela est particuli\u00e8rement vrai pour les tests g\u00e9nomiques avanc\u00e9s, qui rehaussent le profil des tumeurs gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’analyse de la cartographie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique. <\/span>Le test peut \u00eatre une option pour les patients atteints de cancers difficiles \u00e0 traiter qui ont des tumeurs qui n’ont pas r\u00e9pondu de mani\u00e8re ad\u00e9quate aux traitements conventionnels. <\/span>Ce type de soins personnalis\u00e9s, souvent appel\u00e9s soins de pr\u00e9cision contre le cancer, examine la composition mol\u00e9culaire d’une tumeur pour d\u00e9terminer si les traitements les plus appropri\u00e9s sont disponibles. <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0En d\u00e9tectant des anomalies dans le cancer, vous pourrez peut-\u00eatre vous adapter \u00e0 cette anomalie et rendre le traitement plus pr\u00e9cis\u00a0\u00bb, explique le Dr Markman.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Qu’est-ce que la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et la g\u00e9nomique? Les soins contre le cancer ont parcouru un long chemin au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie, en grande partie gr\u00e2ce aux d\u00e9couvertes li\u00e9es \u00e0 l’ADN. Mais il y a encore une confusion parmi le grand public sur ce que tout cela signifie. Cette d\u00e9sinformation peut brouiller la compr\u00e9hension …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee"],"yoast_head":"\nQu'est-ce que la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et la g\u00e9nomique? - zdmaa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/zdmaa.com\/fr\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%88%d9%85%d8%9f\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qu'est-ce que la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et la g\u00e9nomique? - zdmaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Qu’est-ce que la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et la g\u00e9nomique? 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