{"id":24355,"date":"2022-01-12T14:51:48","date_gmt":"2022-01-12T11:51:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zdmaa.com\/why-are-cancer-cluster-causes-so-hard-to-prove\/"},"modified":"2022-01-13T02:11:31","modified_gmt":"2022-01-12T23:11:31","slug":"why-are-cancer-cluster-causes-so-hard-to-prove","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zdmaa.com\/fr\/why-are-cancer-cluster-causes-so-hard-to-prove\/","title":{"rendered":"Pourquoi est-il difficile de prouver les causes du cluster de cancer ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pourquoi est-il difficile de prouver les causes du cluster de cancer ?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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J’ai<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> souvent, le titre peut vous laisser perplexe. <\/span>Comme l’article du <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Washington Post du<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/em> 30 avril <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>sur 18 personnes, dont trois amis, toutes concentr\u00e9es dans deux endroits en Caroline du Nord et en Alabama, chez qui on a diagnostiqu\u00e9 une forme rare de cancer de l’\u0153il, le m\u00e9lanome de l’\u0153il. <\/span>Les personnes impliqu\u00e9es sont convaincues que leurs cancers doivent avoir un lien commun, mais l’enqu\u00eate n’a pas r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 trouver une cause sp\u00e9cifique, ou une source reliant les cas. <\/span>La nouvelle a laiss\u00e9 beaucoup de gens stup\u00e9faits. <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0Il est difficile de croire qu’il n’y a pas de fil conducteur ici\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le commissaire du comt\u00e9 de Caroline du Nord, Pat Kotham.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cela peut sembler \u00eatre un simple cas de cause \u00e0 effet lorsque des personnes qui vivent dans la m\u00eame r\u00e9gion, travaillent dans le m\u00eame lieu de travail ou jouent dans la m\u00eame \u00e9quipe sportive d\u00e9veloppent un cancer, surtout s’il s’agit du m\u00eame type de cancer. <\/span>Certains pourraient supposer que la pollution est \u00e0 bl\u00e2mer. <\/span>D’autres peuvent soup\u00e7onner qu’il y a des toxines dans le sol ou sur les murs. <\/span>Mais prouver une connexion est souvent difficile, voire impossible. <\/span>En fait, tr\u00e8s peu des plus de 1 000 grappes de cancer suspect\u00e9es signal\u00e9es aux autorit\u00e9s sanitaires f\u00e9d\u00e9rales et \u00e9tatiques chaque ann\u00e9e ont \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9es comme grappes de cancer, identifi\u00e9es par les Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) des \u00c9tats-Unis. <\/span>et l’Institut national du cancer (NCI). <\/span>comme \u00ab\u00a0un nombre plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que pr\u00e9vu de cas de cancer survenant au sein d’un groupe de personnes dans une zone g\u00e9ographique sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9e sur une p\u00e9riode de temps\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e9finir des groupes : c’est compliqu\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Un exemple illustre la confusion autour des questions persistantes qui se posent lorsque des liens apparemment \u00e9vidents ne peuvent \u00eatre confirm\u00e9s. <\/span>L’\u00e9t\u00e9 dernier, le champion du monde Darren Doulton est devenu le quatri\u00e8me joueur des Phillies de Philadelphie \u00e0 mourir d’un glioblastome, une forme agressive de cancer du cerveau. <\/span>Beaucoup de gens, en particulier d’anciens joueurs de baseball, se demandent ce qui semble \u00eatre un lien clair entre le cancer du cerveau et le baseball, ou du moins entre le cancer du cerveau et les anciennes versions du gazon artificiel utilis\u00e9 dans des stades comme le Veterans Stadium, que les Phillies appelaient Home. <\/span>1971 \u00e0 2003. Mais les chercheurs soup\u00e7onnent que la masse \u00e9tait probablement une co\u00efncidence, affirmant que leurs recherches n’avaient pas r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 suffisamment de preuves pour \u00e9tayer la croyance que les cancers r\u00e9sultaient d’une seule source commune. <\/span>Ils ont ajout\u00e9 que les d\u00e9c\u00e8s sont proportionnels aux types de cancer qui surviennent dans la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale\u00a0:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bien que les r\u00e9sultats de la recherche soient d\u00e9cevants, ils ne sont pas inhabituels dans le monde des groupes de lutte contre le cancer. <\/span>Dans certains cas, les grappes de cancers sont normales parce que la maladie est si courante, peut-\u00eatre plus courante que beaucoup ne le pensent. <\/span>Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, une personne sur trois d\u00e9veloppera un cancer au cours de sa vie. <\/span>Pensez \u00e0 un b\u00e2ton de billard qui casse un tas de balles dans une partie de billard. <\/span>Certains peuvent atterrir dans les coins les plus \u00e9loign\u00e9s de la table, tandis que d’autres s’agglutinent. <\/span>Certains experts, comme des voisins ou des coll\u00e8gues atteints de cancer, disent que c’est compl\u00e8tement al\u00e9atoire.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le cancer est une maladie complexe, divis\u00e9e en plus de 100 types diff\u00e9rents, chacun ayant ses propres facteurs de risque, sympt\u00f4mes et causes. <\/span>La maladie met g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des ann\u00e9es voire des d\u00e9cennies \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper. <\/span>Autre facteur compliquant la recherche de cluster tests : les gens ne restent pas toujours au m\u00eame endroit.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les raisons de la difficult\u00e9 d’\u00e9tablir des grappes de cancer sont nombreuses et incluent la possibilit\u00e9 d’un hasard, la dur\u00e9e d’exposition et la possibilit\u00e9 que diff\u00e9rentes personnes entrent et sortent de la zone ou soient expos\u00e9es \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes quantit\u00e9s.\u00a0\u00bb <\/span><\/span>– Pamela Creeley, Directrice du <\/span>D\u00e9partement d’Oncologie M\u00e9dicale aux US Centers Cancer Treatment <\/span><\/span>\u00ae<\/span><\/span><\/sup> (CTCA)<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

C’est pourquoi il existe tant de groupes de canc\u00e9rologie que les chercheurs peuvent confirmer leur pr\u00e9sence sur le lieu de travail, plut\u00f4t que dans les communaut\u00e9s r\u00e9sidentielles, car il est souvent plus facile \u00e0 tester, explique Asha Karibut, MD, oncologue et h\u00e9matologue \u00e0 notre h\u00f4pital. <\/span>\u00e0 Tulsa. <\/span>Lorsque des coll\u00e8gues qui ont inhal\u00e9 les m\u00eames vapeurs, bu au m\u00eame robinet ou manipul\u00e9 la m\u00eame substance au fil du temps, la source est confin\u00e9e \u00e0 une zone plus petite et plus facile \u00e0 v\u00e9rifier. <\/span>L’aspect \u00ab au fil du temps \u00bb est une autre cl\u00e9, \u00e0 la fois pour la fa\u00e7on dont le cancer se forme et pour confirmer l’association entre les groupes. <\/span>Les cancers li\u00e9s \u00e0 l’environnement surviennent le plus souvent lorsque les personnes (dans le cas des groupes canc\u00e9reux, le m\u00eame groupe de personnes) sont expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des doses \u00e9lev\u00e9es et r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es de canc\u00e9rog\u00e8nes. <\/span>Par exemple, des chercheurs qui ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9 les grappes de cancer dans les ann\u00e9es 1960 ont d\u00e9couvert un lien entre le m\u00e9soth\u00e9liome malin et l’amiante, un min\u00e9ral fibreux courant dans la fabrication, l’industrie et les produits de consommation. <\/span>Puis, au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1970, lorsque des travailleurs de la m\u00eame usine chimique ont re\u00e7u un diagnostic d’h\u00e9mangiosarcome du foie, les chercheurs ont d\u00e9termin\u00e9 que le cancer rare r\u00e9sultait de l’exposition des travailleurs au chlorure de vinyle, dont vous savez maintenant qu’il est un facteur de risque majeur pour votre maladie. <\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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      \n
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    • \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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        Mais les experts disent que la technologie aide \u00e0 expliquer au moins une partie de l’image. <\/span>Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les scientifiques ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des outils plus sensibles pour mesurer l’exposition, et les Centers for Disease Control (CDC) et le National Cancer Institute (NCI) utilisent d\u00e9sormais un logiciel con\u00e7u pour analyser les donn\u00e9es g\u00e9ographiques sur le cancer afin de d\u00e9terminer si les groupes sont statistiquement significatifs. <\/span>Les registres nationaux du cancer, qui aident \u00e0 \u00e9tablir une base de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l’incidence du cancer et \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter plus facilement les anomalies, sont devenus une autre ressource importante pour les chercheurs dans la recherche collective. <\/span>\u00ab\u00a0Il reste encore de nombreux d\u00e9fis \u00e0 relever pour tester une cohorte de cancer, mais la science continue de progresser et les \u00e9tudes \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques continuent de s’am\u00e9liorer\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare le Dr Creely.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Pourquoi est-il difficile de prouver les causes du cluster de cancer ? J’ai souvent, le titre peut vous laisser perplexe. Comme l’article du Washington Post du 30 avril sur 18 personnes, dont trois amis, toutes concentr\u00e9es dans deux endroits en Caroline du Nord et en Alabama, chez qui on a diagnostiqu\u00e9 une forme rare de …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23303,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee"],"yoast_head":"\nPourquoi est-il difficile de prouver les causes du cluster de cancer ? - zdmaa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/zdmaa.com\/fr\/why-are-cancer-cluster-causes-so-hard-to-prove\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pourquoi est-il difficile de prouver les causes du cluster de cancer ? - zdmaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pourquoi est-il difficile de prouver les causes du cluster de cancer ? 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