{"id":15580,"date":"2022-01-03T14:48:37","date_gmt":"2022-01-03T11:48:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zdmaa.com\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%88%d9%85%d8%9f\/"},"modified":"2022-01-04T01:11:37","modified_gmt":"2022-01-03T22:11:37","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%88%d9%85%d8%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zdmaa.com\/tr\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%88%d9%85%d8%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"Genetik ve genomik nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Genetik ve genomik nedir?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Kanser tedavisi, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde DNA ile ilgili ke\u015fifler sayesinde son on y\u0131lda uzun bir yol kat etti. <\/span>Ancak t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n ne anlama geldi\u011fi konusunda genel halk aras\u0131nda hala kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 var. <\/span>Bu yanl\u0131\u015f bilgi, hastalar\u0131n mevcut tedavilerden nas\u0131l yararlanabilecekleri konusundaki anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 bulan\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rabilir ve onlar\u0131 belirli se\u00e7enekleri takip etmekten cayd\u0131rabilir. <\/span>\u00d6rne\u011fin, “kal\u0131tsal” ve “genomik” kelimeleri, anlamlar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00f6zellikle kanser tedavisi s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, s\u0131kl\u0131kla birbirinin yerine kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Genetik<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Genetik, gen seti arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bir nesilden sonraki nesle aktar\u0131lan kal\u0131tsal \u00f6zellikleri ifade eder. <\/span>Bilim adamlar\u0131 genetik testler yoluyla belirli bir hastan\u0131n molek\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 inceler, do\u011fu\u015ftan olabilecek anormallikleri veya yatk\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n hastal\u0131k riskini ve di\u011fer sa\u011fl\u0131k etkilerini nas\u0131l etkileyebilece\u011fini belirler.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, BRCA1 geni, meme kanseri riskinin artmas\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir. <\/span>2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda aktris Angelina Jolie’nin bir BRCA1 gen mutasyonu ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffettikten sonra \u00f6nleyici \u00e7ift mastektomi ge\u00e7irdi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla genetik testler \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. <\/span>BRCA1 ve\/veya BRCA2 genlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir kopyas\u0131n\u0131 kal\u0131tsal olarak alan bir ki\u015finin meme ve yumurtal\u0131k kanseri geli\u015ftirme riski artar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Genetik test herkes i\u00e7in de\u011fildir. <\/span>Genellikle ailesinde kanser veya ba\u015fka hastal\u0131k \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc olan ki\u015filer i\u00e7in tavsiye edilir:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • 50 ya\u015f\u0131ndan \u00f6nce meme, kolon veya rahim kanseri te\u015fhisi konmu\u015f<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • Kal\u0131tsal genetik mutasyon<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • Yumurtal\u0131k kanseri her ya\u015fta te\u015fhis edilir<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • \u0130ki veya daha fazla yak\u0131n akrabada ayn\u0131 kanser t\u00fcr\u00fc te\u015fhis edilir<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  • Ailenin birka\u00e7 neslinde ayn\u0131 kanser t\u00fcr\u00fc.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    genomik<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

    Genetik, bir hastan\u0131n molek\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesini i\u00e7erirken, kanserle ilgili genomik, kanser h\u00fccrelerinin DNA yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kodunu \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi i\u00e7erir. <\/span>\u00d6rne\u011fin genomik testler, bir t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fc y\u00f6nlendiren \u00f6zellikleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilir ve size onun ne kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve nereye yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilir. <\/span>Testler ayr\u0131ca baz\u0131 ila\u00e7lardan etkilenebilecek kanserdeki anormallikleri de tespit edebilir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    Her iki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 da genetik anormalliklerin etkilerini incelemeyi i\u00e7erdi\u011finden, insanlar ve hatta baz\u0131 klinisyenler genellikle iki terimi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. <\/span>Amerika Kanser Tedavi Merkezlerinde t\u0131p ve bilim \u015fefi Dr. Murray Markman, \u201cBurada \u00f6nemli olan, \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 iki DNA t\u00fcr\u00fcnden bahsetti\u011fimizi anlamakt\u0131r\u201d diyor. <\/span><\/span>\u00ae<\/span><\/span><\/sup> (CTCA). <\/span>“Ki\u015fisel olarak, bir bireyde do\u011fu\u015ftan var olan genlere at\u0131fta bulunmak i\u00e7in ‘kal\u0131tsal’ terimini kullan\u0131rd\u0131m ve bir t\u00fcm\u00f6rde benzersiz olabilecek genleri tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in ‘genom’ kelimesini kullan\u0131rd\u0131m. herkes kullan\u0131yor ve bu da kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden oluyor.”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    Klinisyenler, belirli genetik mutasyonlar\u0131 ve kanser gibi karma\u015f\u0131k hastal\u0131klar\u0131 daha iyi anlamak i\u00e7in tek gen hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve genomik hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinmek i\u00e7in geneti\u011fi kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bu erken te\u015fhislere, yeni m\u00fcdahalelere ve hedefe y\u00f6nelik tedavilere yol a\u00e7abilir. <\/span>Bunu kanserle bomba yerine f\u00fczeyle sava\u015fmak gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    Bu, \u00f6zellikle genetik haritalama analizi yoluyla t\u00fcm\u00f6rlerin profilini y\u00fckselten geli\u015fmi\u015f genomik testler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. <\/span>Test, geleneksel tedavilere yeterince yan\u0131t vermeyen t\u00fcm\u00f6rleri olan, tedavisi zor kanserli hastalar i\u00e7in bir se\u00e7enek olabilir. <\/span>Genellikle hassas kanser bak\u0131m\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu t\u00fcr ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bak\u0131m, en uygun tedavilerin mevcut olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in bir t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn molek\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 inceler. <\/span>Dr. Markman, “Kanserdeki anormallikleri tespit ederek, bu anormalli\u011fe uyum sa\u011flayabilir ve tedaviyi daha do\u011fru hale getirebilirsiniz” diyor.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Genetik ve genomik nedir? Kanser tedavisi, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde DNA ile ilgili ke\u015fifler sayesinde son on y\u0131lda uzun bir yol kat etti. Ancak t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n ne anlama geldi\u011fi konusunda genel halk aras\u0131nda hala kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 var. Bu yanl\u0131\u015f bilgi, hastalar\u0131n mevcut tedavilerden nas\u0131l yararlanabilecekleri konusundaki anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 bulan\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rabilir ve onlar\u0131 belirli se\u00e7enekleri takip etmekten cayd\u0131rabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, “kal\u0131tsal” …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14885,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-tr"],"yoast_head":"\nGenetik ve genomik nedir? - zdmaa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/zdmaa.com\/tr\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%88%d9%85%d8%9f\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Genetik ve genomik nedir? - zdmaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Genetik ve genomik nedir? Kanser tedavisi, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde DNA ile ilgili ke\u015fifler sayesinde son on y\u0131lda uzun bir yol kat etti. Ancak t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n ne anlama geldi\u011fi konusunda genel halk aras\u0131nda hala kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 var. 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